Edexcel GCSE Chemistry State of Matter

This page contains the detailed and easy notes for Edexcel  IGCSE Chemistry State Of Matter for revision and understanding.

Edexcel IGCSE Paper 1: Complete Revision Summary

STATES OF MATTER

SOLIDSLIQUIDSGASES
Particles are close to each other.Particles are slightly closer to each other.Particles are far apart.
Have fixed shapeDo not have fixed shapeDo not have fixed shape
Strong forces between the particlesWeak forces between the particlesVery weak forces between the particles.
Have definite volumeHave fixed volumeDo not have fixed volume
cannot be compressedCan be compressedHighly compressible
Cannot flowCan flowCan flow

STATES OF MATTER

[download_after_email id=”10068″]

KEY TERMS !!!!

Ions – charged atoms with unequal number of protons and electrons

Ionic Bonding — bond formed between a metal and a non metal which involves complete transfer of electrons from metal to a non metal

Dot and Cross — diagram that show transfer of electron in an ionic bond or sharing of electrons in a covalent bond.

Covalent Bonding— bonding between two non metals which involves sharing of electrons.

Metallic Bonding— bonding in metals which involves strong electrostatic forces of attraction between fixed positive ions and delocalised electrons.

Intermolecular Forces — The forces between the molecules which determines the melting or a boiling point.

Giant Covalent Molecules — Covalently bonded molecules which forms large giant structure

Polymers – Molecules which are made up of many repeating units

Delocalised electrons — Mobile electrons that are free to move as they are not associated with a bond or an atom.

Fullerene— Allotrope of carbon which forms a cage like structure like bucky ball.

Graphene— Allotrope of carbon which is equivalent to single layer of graphite

Alloys— Mixture of metals with another metal or a non metal.

Nanoparticles- particles which are of the size of 1 nm to 100 nm_

Nanoscience—lt is the branch of science that deals with nanoparticles

State Of Matter-Different forms that a matter can take They are solids, liquids and gas

Solids — States of matter with fixed shape and volume.

Liquids— States of matter without fixed shape but fixed volume.

Gases— States of matter with fixed shape and volume.



TEST YOURSELF

Q1 Name the type of bonding in the following compounds :

  1. a) Sodium Chloride – Ionic
  2. b) Magnesium – Metallic
  3. c) Nitrogen – Covalent
  4. d) Carbon Dioxide – Covalent
  5. e) Water – Covalent
  6. f) Ammonia – Covalent

Q2 Draw dot and cross diagram to represent bonding in the following

  1. a) Sodium chloride
  1. b) Water
  2. c) Magnesium

Q3 Differentiate Between Diamond and Graphite

DIAMONDGRAPHITE
It is hard.It is soft and greasy.
It is an insulatorIt is a conductor
It has a high density.It has a lower density than diamond.
Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms giving it a strong rigid structureCarbon atoms are bonded in the form of layer in the form of hexagons. No covalent bonding between the layers so they can slide past. Each carbon atom is bonded with three other carbon leaving the fourth electron has delocalized
No delocalised electrons presentIt has delocalised electrons
Used in cutting or jewelleryIt is used in pencil leads.

Q4 Why Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solids ?

In solids, the ions are held together by strong electrostatic force of attraction in the giant ionic lattice. In molten state the ions are free to move therefore conduct electricity

Q5 Why Alloys are stronger than metals

Alloys are the mixture of metals which distors the regular arrangement of metal as a result of which layers are not able to slide past each other making alloys stronger than metals.

Q6 Why alumunium has a stronger melting point than sodium

Aluminium has a greater charge. Due to greater charge of aluminium there is a stronger electrostatic forces of attraction between fixed positive ions and delocalised elecctrons. As a result aluminium has a greater melting point than sodium.

Q7 What are nanoparticles? Write the properties and applications of nanoparticles

Nanoparticles are the particles between the size of 1 to 100 nm_ Due to smaller size they have large surface area to volume ratio making them highly useful in medicine, catalysts, cosmetics and electronic industry.

DISCLAIMER

Disclaimer: I have tried by level best to provide the answers and video explanations to the best of my knowledge. All the answers and notes are written by me and if there is any similarity in the content then it is purely coincidental. But this is not an alternative to the textbook. You should cover the specification or the textbook thoroughly. This is the quick revision to help you cover the gist of everything. In case you spot any errors then do let us know and we will rectify it. References: BBC Bitesize Wikipedia Wikimedia Commons